Nickel is a trace metal with no essential role in humans. Blood nickel testing monitors exposure in workers in nickel mining, refining, electroplating, and stainless steel manufacturing, where chronic exposure is associated with lung and nasal cancer risk.
Nickel is also the most common cause of contact dermatitis from jewellery and metal items. Blood nickel levels are occasionally measured in people with nickel allergy and suspected systemic reactions, or after joint replacement with nickel-containing metal-on-metal alloys.
FAQs
What is the difference between nickel allergy and nickel toxicity?
Nickel allergy is a contact hypersensitivity causing eczema at skin contact sites with nickel items. It occurs at normal exposure levels. Nickel toxicity refers to systemic tissue damage from excessive accumulation, primarily an occupational health concern.
Can metal implants cause nickel toxicity?
Metal-on-metal hip and knee implants can release cobalt, chromium, and nickel ions as they wear. Elevated blood metal ions are associated with soft tissue reactions. Regular ion monitoring and orthopaedic review are recommended for metal-on-metal implant recipients.
Is dietary nickel a concern for allergic people?
In highly sensitised individuals, a low-nickel diet may reduce systemic dermatitis flares. High-nickel foods include chocolate, nuts, legumes, and whole grains. Dietary restriction is generally only needed in confirmed systemic nickel sensitivity.
Can smoking raise blood nickel?
Yes. Tobacco contains nickel and smoking contributes measurably to blood nickel levels alongside occupational and dietary sources.
