Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus endemic to Australia and some Pacific island nations. It is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in Australia, with thousands of cases notified annually. The virus causes Ross River fever, characterised by joint pain (polyarthritis), fatigue, rash, and muscle aches that can persist for months.
Blood testing detects IgM antibodies (indicating recent or active infection) and IgG antibodies (indicating past exposure or resolved infection). Because RRV causes prolonged and sometimes debilitating joint pain and fatigue, testing is important for diagnosis, particularly in people with symptoms after outdoor activity in mosquito-endemic areas of Australia.
FAQs
How long does Ross River fever last?
Symptoms typically last 3-6 months, though joint pain and fatigue can persist for up to 12 months or longer in some individuals. Full recovery is expected in most people; ongoing symptoms beyond 12 months are uncommon.
Is Ross River virus contagious between people?
No. Ross River virus is only transmitted by mosquito bites and cannot spread directly from person to person. Isolating someone with RRV infection is not necessary.
Where is Ross River fever most common in Australia?
RRV is found throughout Australia but is most common in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria (particularly coastal wetlands and the Murray-Darling basin), and Northern Territory. Cases are strongly associated with flooding and coastal wetland environments where mosquito breeding increases.
Can you get Ross River fever more than once?
Generally no. Infection is thought to confer long-term immunity, and repeat infections are very rare. However, the prolonged symptoms from a single infection can make it feel like the disease recurs.
