Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble vitamin that functions as a precursor to FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), coenzymes essential for cellular energy production, fatty acid oxidation, and activation of other B vitamins including B6, folate, and niacin. It also plays a role in antioxidant defence through glutathione reductase.
Isolated riboflavin deficiency (ariboflavinosis) is uncommon in well-nourished populations but causes glossitis (inflamed tongue), angular cheilitis (cracks at the mouth corners), seborrheic dermatitis, and photophobia. Deficiency often coexists with other B vitamin deficiencies in people with poor dietary diversity or alcoholism.
FAQs
Why does riboflavin deficiency cause glossitis and angular cheilitis?
Riboflavin is essential for rapid cell turnover in mucous membranes. Deficiency impairs regeneration of epithelial cells in the mouth and tongue, causing inflammation, cracking, and ulceration.
Does riboflavin help with migraines?
High-dose riboflavin (400 mg/day) has shown efficacy in reducing migraine frequency in several clinical trials. It may work by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism in neuronal tissue.
Can riboflavin affect urine colour?
Yes. High-dose riboflavin supplementation causes bright yellow-orange urine. This is harmless and simply reflects urinary excretion of excess riboflavin.
Is riboflavin important for people with MTHFR variants?
Yes. Riboflavin as FAD is the cofactor for MTHFR enzyme. People with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may have reduced enzyme activity that can be partially restored by ensuring adequate riboflavin intake.
